Pressure Ulcers: Treatment and Prevention

Despite greater-than-ever awareness of the issue, pressure injuries remain a significant problem in hospitals, facilities and home care situations. They are one of the leading Hospital Acquired Conditions (HAC), with up to 23% of hospital patients affected with these painful, potentially life-altering injuries.

Pressure ulcers can be notoriously difficult to treat in certain circumstances and can lead to permanent damage to skin and underlying tissue. Fortunately, leading wound care manufacturers have developed cutting-edge technology, leading to product solutions that have seen more success in treating pressure injuries than ever before.

Even better, many of those products are designed to perform a dual role – both aiding in the treatment, but also prevention of pressure ulcers. Read on to learn more about prevention, along with causes and treatments for this unfortunately common condition.

What is a pressure ulcer?

A pressure ulcer (sometimes known as a bedsore) occurs when an area of skin is placed under constant pressure for a certain period of time, restricting blood flow to the area and causing breakdown in the skin and/or its underlying tissue. They have the potential to progress quickly and become very serious, in some cases penetrating to muscle and bone.

Warning signs of pressure ulcers include:

• Sudden and/or unusual changes in skin color or texture
• Swelling
• A draining, open wound
• An area of skin that feels cooler or warmer to the touch than other areas
• Acute pain and tenderness

Causes and risks

Absent proper prevention protocols, pressure ulcers are apt to appear in individuals dealing with immobility issues or paralysis, and in surgical patients. People in these situations will tend to stay in a fixed position for long periods of time, creating an environment for ulcers to occur. Common problem areas include the sacrum, buttocks, hips and heels. Bony prominences and locations where medical devices are worn are also considered high-risk.

Pre-existing factors can also contribute to the likelihood of developing a pressure ulcer. High-risk individuals include:

• Older adults
• Those who have sustained a fractured hip
• The acutely ill
• Individuals with diabetes

Treatment

If a pressure ulcer is already present, or develops despite best precautions, it is important to take action quickly. Contact a healthcare professional. They will clean and disinfect the abrasion, especially if it has progressed to an open wound. Depending on the depth and stage of the ulcer, debridement of biofilm and/or dead tissue may be necessary.  

Regardless of the stage of the wound or other products used to promote healing, such as collagen, having a top layer dressing to protect the area is essential. Multi-layer silicone border dressings are ideal for this role. 

Mepilex® Border Flex dressings by Molnlycke are a perfect example. Their five-layer construction protects the wound and handily absorbs exudate. Because regular monitoring of pressure ulcers is vital to the prevention process, Mepilex® is ideal because it allows the dressing to be lifted from the wound with little-to-no pain for the patient, and be re-applied several times over the course of the dressing’s life.

Mepilex® bordered dressings are also designed with ulcer prevention in mind, and are engineered to protect against extrinsic factors that cause ulcers, such as pressure, shear and friction.